[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.sasmos.sk\/od-vlka-k-psovi-kto-domestikoval-koho\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.sasmos.sk\/od-vlka-k-psovi-kto-domestikoval-koho\/","headline":"Od vlka k psovi – kto domestikoval koho?","name":"Od vlka k psovi – kto domestikoval koho?","description":"K\u00a0domestik\u00e1ci\u00ed vlka do\u0161lo s\u00edce nez\u00e1visle od seba na r\u00f4znych miestach a\u00a0s\u00a0r\u00f4znymi \u010dasov\u00fdmi odch\u00fdlkami, no najnesk\u00f4r sa tento proces datuje pribli\u017ene pred 10\u00a0000 rokmi. Pod\u013ea nov\u00fdch v\u00fdskumov sa upustilo z\u00a0te\u00f3rie, \u017ee k\u00a0domestik\u00e1ci\u00ed sa za\u010dali na Bl\u00edzkom, … ","datePublished":"2018-04-10","dateModified":"2018-04-10","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.sasmos.sk\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.sasmos.sk\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/91506ed60e31abe586276a3e1420719df081581a820344a28fa2034bb1a2fe22?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/91506ed60e31abe586276a3e1420719df081581a820344a28fa2034bb1a2fe22?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"sasmos.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.sasmos.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a288416_w2029_t1528630461.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.sasmos.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a288416_w2029_t1528630461.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.sasmos.sk\/od-vlka-k-psovi-kto-domestikoval-koho\/","wordCount":622,"articleBody":"K\u00a0domestik\u00e1ci\u00ed vlka do\u0161lo s\u00edce nez\u00e1visle od seba na r\u00f4znych miestach a\u00a0s\u00a0r\u00f4znymi \u010dasov\u00fdmi odch\u00fdlkami, no najnesk\u00f4r sa tento proces datuje pribli\u017ene pred 10\u00a0000 rokmi. Pod\u013ea nov\u00fdch v\u00fdskumov sa upustilo z\u00a0te\u00f3rie, \u017ee k\u00a0domestik\u00e1ci\u00ed sa za\u010dali na Bl\u00edzkom, \u010di Strednom v\u00fdchode, ale prv\u00e9 vlky sa zdom\u00e1c\u0148ovali pr\u00e1ve v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe.Tieto v\u00fdskumy taktie\u017e vyvracaj\u00fa, tak dlho zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fa, poveru o\u00a0tom, ako bol vlastne prv\u00fd vlk zdom\u00e1cnen\u00ed. V\u0161etci pozd\u00e1me pr\u00edbeh, ako si prv\u00fd mu\u017e vzal vl\u010die ml\u00e1\u010fa a\u00a0vychoval si z\u00a0neho prv\u00e9ho psa. Za\u010d\u00edna sa presadzova\u0165 my\u0161lienka, \u017ee to bol vlk, ktor\u00fd spravil prv\u00fd krok a\u00a0pri\u0161iel k\u00a0\u013eudsk\u00fdm obydliam, aby sa \u017eivil odpadom, ktor\u00fd v\u00a0t\u00fdch \u010dasoch tvorili preva\u017ene kosti a\u00a0pozostatky z\u00a0\u013eudsk\u00fdch korist\u00ed.Na z\u00e1klade archeologick\u00fdch v\u00fdskumov bolo zisten\u00e9, \u017ee priamymi predkami na\u0161ich psov, ako ich pozn\u00e1me boli v\u00fdlu\u010dne vlky a\u00a0\u0161akaly. Z\u00a0kostrov\u00fdch pozostatkov vieme ur\u010di\u0165 tri poddruhy psov, ktor\u00e9 sa v\u00a0dome kamennej vyskytovali na \u00fazem\u00ed Eur\u00f3py a\u00a0\u00c1zie.Pes ra\u0161elinn\u00fd\u00a0 (Canis familiaris palustris R\u00fctimeyer) \u2013 Tento druh psa bol najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych oblastiach Ruska, Z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3py a\u00a0Sib\u00edri. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve tento druh je predok dne\u0161n\u00fdch plemien ako s\u00fa lajky, \u0161pice, teri\u00e9ry \u010di pin\u010dovia.Pes Inostrancevov (Canis Familiaris Inostranzewi) \u2013 Tento druh je predok v\u0161etk\u00fdch seversk\u00fdch, vlkom podobn\u00fdm plemen\u00e1m, \u010di pastierske psy, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvali na str\u00e1\u017eenie st\u00e1d, \u010di lov ve\u013ekej zvery. Kostra tohto psa na na\u0161la v\u00a0oblasti Lado\u017esk\u00e9ho jazera.Tret\u00edm typom je pes Putatinov (Canis Familiaris Decumannus) \u2013 Za prapredka toho psa sa pova\u017euje vlk eur\u00f3psky. V\u00a0mnohom sa kostra podop\u00e1 psovi Inostrancevovho, a\u017e na drobn\u00e9 rozdiely, ako dlh\u0161ia tv\u00e1rov\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 a\u00a0krat\u0161ia lebka. S\u00fa predpoklady, \u017ee potomkovia toho psa s\u00fa dingovia, orient\u00e1lne psy a\u00a0niektor\u00e9 z\u00a0druhov lajok.Uv\u00e1dza sa, \u017ee pribli\u017ene v\u00a0dobe 4000 a\u017e 5000 pred Kristom sa vyskytoval e\u0161te jeden druh psa \u2013 Pes bronzov\u00fd. Stret\u00e1vame sa e\u0161te s\u00a0pojmom \u201ePes popelnicov\u00fd\u201c .\u00a0 Potomkovia psa bronzov\u00e9ho s\u00fa ov\u010diarske psy eur\u00f3pskeho typu. Pri\u010dom pes popelnicov\u00fd je v\u00fdsledkom kr\u00ed\u017eenia psa bronzov\u00e9ho a\u00a0psa ra\u0161elinn\u00e9ho. Tento poddruh tvor\u00ed z\u00e1klad dne\u0161n\u00fdch plemien ako s\u00fa duri\u010de, pudle a\u00a0loveck\u00e9 psy.\u00a0Hoci v\u0161etky tieto typy psov maj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho predka \u2013 vlka, v\u010faka kr\u00ed\u017eeniu sa niektor\u00e9 plemen\u00e1 na svojho praotca u\u017e nepodobaj\u00fa. Okrem zjavn\u00fdch fyzick\u00fdch rozdielov s\u00fa aj menej n\u00e1padn\u00e9 anatomick\u00e9 rozdiely, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm vieme psa od vlka r\u00fdchlo odl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165.Narozdiel od vlka, psy nemaj\u00fa pachov\u00e9 \u017e\u013eazy pri chvoste.Ak by sme porovn\u00e1vali mozog vlka s\u00a0rovnako ve\u013ek\u00fdm psom, ps\u00ed mozog m\u00e1 pribli\u017ene o\u00a030% ni\u017e\u0161iu hmotnos\u0165.Vlk je v\u00fdhradne m\u00e4so\u017eravec, teda oproti v\u0161e\u017erav\u00fdm psom je ich tr\u00e1viaci trakt krat\u0161\u00ed.Stopa vlka je dlh\u0161ia a\u00a0u\u017e\u0161ia, ako stopa rovnako ve\u013ek\u00e9ho psa.V\u010faka dlh\u00e9mu procesu domestik\u00e1cie sa postupne z\u00a0na\u0161ich psov vytratilo mnoho u\u017e nepotrebn\u00fdch in\u0161tinktov, niektor\u00e9 naopak pri zdom\u00e1cnen\u00ed z\u00edskali.\u010ci u\u017e ved\u013ea v\u00e1s le\u017e\u00ed\u00a0 mal\u00e1 \u010divava, alebo drieme \u00edrsky vlkodav, obe tieto plemen\u00e1 maj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho predka, oboch ich sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa stovky gener\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u00fdvoja, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm m\u00e1me dnes psa, ako ho pozn\u00e1me. Vern\u00e9ho, oddan\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka.\u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Od vlka k psovi – kto domestikoval koho?","item":"https:\/\/www.sasmos.sk\/od-vlka-k-psovi-kto-domestikoval-koho\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]